Some Problems of Democracy  

Classical Greek democracy was the social organization of the free “men” (not women) of a city-state (polls), who had either enough leisure to occupy themselves with matters of common interest or—in the late Athenian democracy— were compensated for their loss …



Reform in Eastern Europe  

What has been called Eastern Europe since the end of World War II is a political, not a geographical, phenomenon. Geographically it comprises countries that have always been considered part of Central Europe (Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland), as well as countries …



Graying of the Intellectuals  

In 1957 Norman Podhoretz participated in a symposium on “The Young Generation of U.S. Intellectuals.” He was 27 years old, already an editor of Commentary. He observed that his generation, which came of age in the Cold War, “never had …



Eve and the New Jerusalem  

Imaginings of a utopian, or utopian socialist, future can be traced from chapters in Scripture to present-day works. The 19th century was particularly fruitful in this respect; it not only produced works of literary imagination but abounded in significant, organized …









Afghan Resistance  

When President Reagan dedicated the flight of the space shuttle to the Afghan resistance, he was displaying once again his intuitive talent for political cabaret. The Reagan administration’s choice to support a “liberation movement” already provides a clue that something …









At First Glance  

Suppose the Golem had been made, not of the clay that legend has it, but of plastic: what would have been his fate? Well, he might have been elected president and as he acquiesced in the engineering of a depression …



Letters  

In order to help move the United States “toward a sane defense policy,” Bogdan Denitch [in Dissent, Summer 1982] calls for “a fundamental examination” by the democratic left of “the assumption behind U.S. defense policy.” Denitch characterizes U.S. society as …



The Agonies of Bertura in Brazil  

The book most prominently displayed on Sao Paulo newsstands in recent months might strike some passersby as a curious anachronism—if they have ever heard of its long-dead author. Sandwiched in between the usual soccer magazines and pornography one stumbles upon …