Unfair to Marx  

Professor Kolakowski, originally of Warsaw University and now teaching at All Soul’s, Oxford, first came to the West’s attention in the 1960s as a philosophical spokesman of “revisionism”—the dissident movement of humanist intellectuals inside the Soviet orbit. In his most …



Nuclear Power: HOW Do We Know?  

For some time now, the Newsweek columnist George Will has been praised as a civilized conservative. He tries to reason, he doesn’t often rant, he looks good by comparison to William Buckley (a modest enough test). But he remains a …



Nuclear Power and Corporate Priorities  

A challenge to nuclear power requires an assault upon the basic corporate priorities that undergird the entire economy. However, one suspects that many participants in the growing antinuclear movement, including some who consider themselves to be the most militant, have …



The Kennedys–and Their Enemies  

Though it is doubtful that the earth, or even the country, shall rise on New Foundations right away, it is certain that the presidential campaign now is on. Our country endures longer campaigns than any other democracy. No sooner does …



The University on the Market  

Open the Sunday New Y ork Times, and you’ll see three or four pages combine the tactics of advertising with the wisdom of the universities. What will draw you in? Advance at work? Occupying your leisure time? Meeting glamorous people (or professors, politicians, or bureaucrats)? Self-knowledge? …





Metaphors of Life and Death  

Discussions of the death penalty have a lot in common with the traditional, tiresome arguments about race. In both instances there is a facade of rationality—some races are demonstrably inferior to others and executions deter homicidal crime. The available evidence on race and achievement clearly contradicts …



Face and Mask  

Literature is an ironic mask. It knows that’s what it is. A nonironic mask is a lie. The mask is a metaphor for the face; it is at once sharp featured and enigmatic. The faces of others are a few simplified lines; when recalling them, …



Perspectives on Energy  

Energy policy has customarily been regarded as a highly technical subject requiring expertise in nuclear physics and other recondite disciplines. Accordingly, energy policy was largely restricted to the technical aspects of conversion, transmission, and the arcana of pricing, and was …





A High Standard of Dying  

On March 28, the water used to cool a “containment vessel” in the atomic plant at Three Mile Island, in Middletown, Pennsylvania, grew dangerously hot and gave every sign of growing hotter. The consequences were as follows. The company that …



Why Do People Fail to Revolt?  

Barrington Moore has come a long way since he published his monumental study, Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy, over a decade ago and since he collaborated with Herbert Marcuse and Robert Paul Wolff in 1965 on an unfortunate book …





What Is Political Equality?  

I: Philip Green What is political equality? Any simple definition of such a vague concept is unlikely to be more than a slogan. We must begin somewhere, though, and Robert Dahl’s recent essay “On Removing Certain Impediments to Democracy in the United States” in the Summer …



Eurocommunism and “The Russian Question”  

Eurocommunism is not a homogeneous movement, but some common elements do exist. One central problem, which arises both on practical and basic theoretical grounds, lies in the relationships between the Communist parties of Western Europe and the Soviet party, and between the vision of “socialism” advanced by …