The Future of Socialism in Africa: Reply

As recently as four years ago, no fewer than twenty sovereign states in Africa were governed by rulers in the name of socialism. Had my article identified any two or more of the political economies in those countries as socialist experiments in Africa, it would surely be vulnerable to Bogdan Denitch’s gentle, yet firm, criticism. Furthermore, if I had identified any of the celebrated African revolutionary productions of thirty years ago, such as Nkrumah’s Ghana, Sekou Toure’s Guinea, or Keita’s Mali, with socialism, my article would have been justly liable to Denitch’s criticism. However, my article states plainly that Julius Nyerere’s Tanzania is the one and only significant socialist experiment in mo...