Howard Zinn’s History Lessons  

Every work of history, according to Howard Zinn, is a political document. He titled his thick survey A People’s History so that no potential reader would wonder about his own point of view: “With all its limitations, it is a history …













It’s the Economy Environment, Stupid  

Most strategists agree that it will be easier for Democrats to fight George W. Bush on domestic issues than to dwell on his post-September 11 national security policies. One obvious, but as yet untapped, Bush administration vulnerability is environmental policy. …



Editor’s Page  

It is always difficult to cover a presidential election in a quarterly magazine, and it hasn’t gotten easier as the election campaign has been steadily extended in time. Still, this is probably the most important election in many decades, and …









The Last Page  

“God,” said Tolstoy, “is the name of my desire.” This remarkable sentence could haunt one a lifetime, it reverberates in so many directions. Tolstoy may have intended partial assent to the idea that, life being insupportable without some straining toward …



Editor’s Page  

This issue marks the fiftieth anniversary of our magazine. We plan a number of events in the coming year to celebrate, even if the political environment is uncongenial to elation. It prompts dissent instead. Our main event remains the ideas …



On Unions and Education  

Despite popular impressions and dinner-table gossip, the problems of our schools, and above all of “school reform,” are not the result of unions. I speak in part from personal experience over the past thirty-five years in New York City and …